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Solana: How to make a swap between two decentralized exchanges (DEX) atomic?

Published by Terlumun Aondover on February 5th, 2025.

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Atomic Swaps on Solana: A Step-by-Step Guide

In today’s world of decentralized exchanges (DEXs), atomic swaps have emerged as a game-changer for traders. An atomic swap is a type of transaction that allows users to swap two cryptocurrencies or tokens in a single atomic operation, ensuring complete security and minimizing the risk of errors. In this article, we will explore how to make an atomic swap on Solana, focusing on writing a program that buys a token on Raydium, then sells it on Orca, and refunds the user if there is an error during the sale.

What is an atomic swap?

Before we get into the details, let’s quickly define what an atomic swap is. An atomic swap is a type of transaction that ensures that a series of operations are executed as one, leaving no intermediate state or risk. This is in contrast to traditional swaps, where each operation is executed separately and errors can occur.

Choosing a Programming Language

To implement an atomic swap on Solana, you will need to choose a programming language. For this example, we will use Python, which has excellent support for the Solana Node API.

Environment Setup

First, make sure you have the following prerequisites installed:

Solana Node: solana install solana-discord.py

Python 3.7+ (with type and py-solana packages)

A compatible wallet (e.g. Solana CLI)

Implementing Atomic Swap

Here is a step-by-step guide to implementing an atomic swap on Solana:

Step 1: Configure the wallet

Create a new wallet using the Solana CLI:

solana keygen --path wallet.json

Generate a private key and store it inwallet.json. You can also use the default key pair.




Step 2: Define the functions
Define two functions that will be used to perform the atomic swap:

buyTokenOnRaydium: buy a token on Raydium using the Solana CLI.

sellTokenOnOrca: sell a token on Orca using the Solana CLI.


Here are the Python functions:
import solana CLI
def buy_token_on_raydium(private_key, amount):
"""Buy a token on Raydium."""
raydium = CLI.solana_from_path(private_key.path)
result = raydium.send_approve(
"Raydium Token Program",
{
"program_id": "raydium-token-program",
"amount": {"type": "uint8", "value": amount},
},
{"wait_time": 2000}, 




wait for the program to finish
)
return result
def sell_token_on_orca(private_key, amount):
"""Sell a token on Orca."""
orca = CLI.solana_from_path(private_key.path)
result = orca.send_approve(
"Program Orca Token”,
{
"program_id": "orca-token-program",
"amount": {"type": "uint8", "value": amount},
},
{"wait_time": 2000}, 
wait for the program to finish
)
return result
def atomic_swap(private_key, amount):
"""Perform an atomic swap."""
buy_result = buy_token_on_raydium(private_key, amount)
sell_result = sell_token_on_orca(private_key, amount)
if buy_result.status != "OK" or sell_result.status != "OK":
return {"error": "Error during swap"}



Step 3: Run the Atomic Swap
Now that you have defined the functions, you can run the atomic swap:
private_key = "path/to/private/key"
amount = 1000000 
replace with the desired indicative amount
swap_result = atomic_swap(private_key, amount)
print(swap_result) 
print the swap result

Error Handling
To handle errors during swapping, you can add error checking and logging. Here is an updated implementation: